Personal Pronouns (Pronomes
Personales)
Forms
| Number |
Person |
Subject |
Direct
Object |
Indirect
Object |
Object
of Circumstance |
|
Sg.
|
1st
|
yo
|
me
|
me
|
conmigo
|
|
2nd
|
tu
|
te
|
te
|
contigo
|
|
3rd
|
m
|
él / elli
|
lu
|
-y
|
--
|
|
f
|
ella
|
la
|
--
|
|
n
|
ello
|
lo
|
--
|
|
refl.
|
se
|
se
|
si
|
consigo
|
|
Pl.
|
1st
|
m
|
nos / nosotros
|
nos-mos
|
nos-mos
|
--
|
|
f
|
nosotres
|
--
|
|
2nd
|
m
|
vos / vosotros
|
vos
|
vos
|
--
|
|
f
|
vosotres
|
--
|
|
3rd
|
m
|
ellos
|
los
|
-yos (-ys)
|
--
|
|
f
|
elles
|
les
|
--
|
|
refl.
|
se
|
se
|
si
|
consigo
|
The forms like conmigo, contigo etc. are inheriited from Classical
Latiin mecum, tecum and have their paralels in the other Ibero-Romance
languages (see Spanish,
Portuguese).
Position
Usually the pronouns are placed after the verb. In this Asturian is
similar to Portuguese and Galician and quite different from Spanish.
| Direct Object |
Indirect Object |
-
Tienles en casa.
Las tiene en casa.
-
Tráxolos pela nueche.
Los trajo por la noche.
|
-
Tráxo-y los llibros pela nueche.
Le trajo los libros por la noche.
-
Tráxo-yos los llibros pela nueche.
Les trajo los libros por la noche.
|
The non-Subject pronouns mustnot be used in the beginning of the sentences.
The following examples are considered incorrect by the grammarians:
Me lo dixisti
Te lo dixo?
-Y lo dices mañana.
The pronouns may be put after the verbs (in Asturian grammar proclisis)
in the following cases:
Negation
When the negation forms a phonic group with the rest of the sentence,
the pronoun is put before the verb, cf.:
-
Dixístimelo (=Me lo dijiste). but Nun me
lo dixisti.
Interrogatives and exclamatives
The pronoun precedes the verb in the interrogative and exclamative sentences
with tonic relatives (as quién, cuándo, cómo, cuánto,
qué...), cf.:
-
Quién lo dixo?
-
Cuándo lo dixo?
-
Cómo lo dixo?
-
Qué-yos dixo?
-
Qué les dijo?
Subordinate clauses
The pronouns are used before the verbs in order to underline the idea
of subordination, cf.:
-
Féxo-y la comida.
Le hizo la comida.
-
Diz que-y fexo la comida.
Dice que le hizo la comida.
This phenomenon is observed in all types of subordinate clauses:
-
Substantive:
Dixo que-y lo traxeren. Dijo que se lo
trajeran.
-
Ajectival or relative:
Ye la moza que-y lo traxo. Es la chica
que se lo trajo.
-
Adverbial:
Dá-ylo cuando lu veas. Dáselo
cuando lo veas.
Si te lo faen, dí-yoslo. Si te lo
hacen díselo.
Anque-yos lo faigas nun-yos val. Aunque
se lo hagas no les vale.
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© Zdravko Batzarov