Adverbs (Adverbia)

The circumflex accent ( ˆ ) is used to denote the length of the vowels.

Adverbs are invariable words used to determine a verbal action or a quality of adjective. They are primitive and derivative.

The primitive adverbs are short words referring to circumstances of place, time and manner, as the followng ones:

haud no
jam already
mox soon
non no, not
nunc now
nunquam never
quando when?
sic yes, thus
ubi where?
unde where?

The derivative adverbs are gradable:
 

Adverbs	Stems	Comparative suffix	Comparative degree	Superlative suffix	Superlative degree
longe	long-	-ius	longius	-issime	longissime
cito	cit-		citius		citissime
acriter	acr-		acrius		acrissime
graviter	grav-		gravius		gravissime
prudenter	prudent-		prudentius		prudentissime

Note that the Comparative degree of the adverbs coincides with the Comparative degree for Nom. sg. neuter of the adjectives.

The neuter forms for Nom. sg. of some adjectives are used as adverbs in all the three degrees, cf. multum – plus – prurimum much – more – most.
 

Correlative adverbs are derived from pronouns and are often used in mutual relationship:
 

Interrogarive	Demonstrative	Indefinite-relative
ubi? where?	hic here ibi there illic –,,– istic –,,–	alicubi somewhere ubiubi wherever usquam somewhere
quo? where?	huc here eo there illuc –,,– istuc –,,–	aliquo in some/any direction
unde? from where?	hinc from here inde from there illinc –,,– istinc –,,–	alicunde from some place
qua? by where?	hac here ea there illac –,,– istac –,,–	aliqua somewhere
quando? when? when	tum then tunc –,,–	aliquando sometime umquam ever, at any time
quotiens? how many times?	totiens so many times	aliquotiens several times
quam? how? how much? ut? how?	ita thus item –,,– sic –,,– tam –,,–

See also Correlative pronouns.