| Terminations (General rule) | Plural | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| vowel or diphthong | + s | mesa
table
: mesas
pai father : pais |
| consonant | + es | flor
flower
: flores
pais land : países |
| Terminations (Particularities) | Plural | Examples |
| -ão | changes to -ãos, -ães or -ões | mão
hand:
mãos
cão dog : cães leão lion : leões |
| -m | changes to -ns | homem
man
: homens
tom tone : tons |
| -al, -ol, -ul | change the l into -is | casal
couple
: casais
lençol sheet : lençóis azul azure : azuis |
| -el | changes to -éis | anel
ring
: anéis
papel paper : papéis |
| -il stressed | changes the l into s | funíl
funnel
: funis
barríl barrel : barris |
| -il unstressed | changes to -eis | réptil
reptile
: répteis
projéctil rocket : projécteis |
| -ás, -ês, -iz | + -es | gás
gas
: gases
francês French : franceses raíz root : raízes |
| -s, -x | remains unchanged | lápis
pencil
: lápis
pires saucer : pires pírex pyrex : pírex |
| Type of Compound Noun | Rule | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Non-hyphenated | + s | aguardentes
brandy
passatempos hobbies |
Hyphenated:
|
both elements form plural | couves-flores
cauliflowers
amores-perfeitos violets altos-fornos blast furnace |
Hyphenated:
|
only the 2nd element forms plural | guarda-chuvas
umbrellas
contra-ataques counterattacks |
| Linked by preposition | only the 1st element forms plural | águas-de-colónia
eaux
de cologne
caixas-de-ar air boxes |
| Termination (General rule) | Feminine | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| -o unstressed | changes to -a | aluno
schoolboy
: aluna
gato cat : gata |
| -consonant | adds -a | autor
author
: autora
burguês burgher : burguesa |
| Termination (Particularities) | Feminine | Examples |
| -ão | changes to -oa, -ã, -ona | leão
lion
: leoa
patrão patron : patroa aldeão peasant : aldeã cidadão citizen : cidadã comilão gourmand : comilona sabichão omniscient : sabichona |
| -or | changes to -eira | bordador embroider : bordadeira |
| -dor, -tor (sometimes) | changes to -triz | imperador
emperor
: imperatriz
actor actor : actriz |
| -eu | changes to -eia | ateu
atheist
: ateia
europeu European : europeia |
| -e | remains
unchanged
Exceptions: elefante elephant
: elefanta
infante infant : infanta |
cliente
customer
amante lover |
| Degree | Formation | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Synthetic Augmentative | with
the suffixes:
|
rico rich : ricaço bigode moustache : bigodaça casa house : casarão mulher woman : mulherona drama drama : dramalhão cana cane : canhão canyon monte mount : montanha mountain muro wall : muralha city wall |
| Analytic Augmentative | with
adjectives as:
|
casa
enorme
enormous
house
grande homem great man |
| Synthetic Diminutive | with
the suffixes:
|
fogo
fire
: fogacho
canção song : cançoneta ramalho bough : ramalhete burro donkey : burrico pecado sin : pecadilho anel ring : anilha, anilho garoto boy : garotelho varanda veranda : varandim moço young man : mocinho casa house : casinha cão dog : cãozito pequeno little : pequenito criança child : criançola monte mount : montículo hill |
| Analytic Diminutive | with
adjectives as:
|
casa
minúscula
small
house
pequeno jardim little garden |
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