And of course there must exist a set of passive subjunctive- conditional
forms, which we might as well face here:
The Present Passive Subjunctive
I II III IV Sg. amer monear ducar audiar ameris monearis ducaris audiaris ametur moneatur ducatur audiatur Pl. amemur moneamur ducamur audiamur amemini moneamini ducamini audiamini amentur moneantur ducantur audiantur
The
Imperfect Passive Subjunctive
I II III IV Sg. amarer monerer ducerer audirer ameris monereris ducereris audireris amaretur moneretur duceretur audiretur Pl. amaremur moneremur duceremur audiremur amaremini moneremini duceremini audiremini amarentur monerentur ducerentur audirenturNow again, recall that the Perfect conditional and pluperfect conditional will be compound forms, using the perfect passive participle or PPP, to be followed by the conditional of the verb "to be" , the very common and irregular child of an irregular parent. I think I should give you at this point just an outline of these Perfect Passive compound formations, which are simple, regular, and found a great deal in actual written Latin.
Pf. Pass. amatus sim... Ppf. Pass. amatus essem...These compound passive forms use the Subjunctive of esse, so I might as well give you these unusual forms here. They actually derive from an ancient Indo-European Optative, as retained in Greek and Sanskrit, and fossilized in the Subj. of the verb volo -- velim "I would wish". Rare!
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF esse "be" Sg. sim sis sit Pl. simus sitis sint
Pf. Pass. amatus sim... Ppf. Pass. amatus essem...This uses the Imperfect Subjunctive of esse as follows:
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF esse "be" Sg. essem esses esset Pl. essemus essetis essentNote that the second element is a separate word, not fused on. The forms sim, sis, sit etc. are atypical as conditional, because they are obsolete forms left over from an old Indo- European optative, which perished in Latin except here and in a few other scattered forms (velim etc. from volo "I wish" for example).
But essem, esses, esset is straight from the regular rule: Infinitive
(esse) plus personal endings, just as it is supposed to be.
William
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